Color: Dark brown to black; typically jet-black
Legs: 6
Shape: Pedicel, or ant waist, is two-segmented; Profile is unevenly rounded; thorax lacks spines
Size: 1/16” (1.5-2mm)
Antennae: Yes
Region: Found throughout the United States, especially in the eastern region, in the southern half of California, and the San Francisco Bay area
The little black ant gets its common name from its very small size and black coloration. Colonies are moderate to very large and contain many queens.
Little black ant swarms are common from June to August, during which time they forage in trails and are frequently seen along sidewalks.
These small ants feed on grease, oil, meats, fruits, and vegetables materials such as corn meal and sweets. The workers also feed on other insects, honeydew and plant secretions.
Although little black ants have a stinger, it is often too small and weak to be effective.
Little black ants are common in wooded areas. In yards, they nest under rocks, in rotting logs, and under piles of bricks or lumber. Indoors, nests are located in woodwork, wall voids, decaying wood, masonry, and behind facades.
Business owners facing an ant infestation should consider working with a pest professional to employ a preventative pest management plan. There are also a few things that can be done around the property to prevent a little black ant infestation.
It’s a good idea to seal cracks and crevices in exterior walls with a silicone-based caulk, ensure firewood is stored at least 20 feet away from the home, and keep shrubbery well trimmed. Location of the nest is also important. While it can be difficult to see these ants due to their small size, their nests can be found by following the trail of workers back to the colony.
Little black ants can flourish both indoors and outdoors due to their varied diet, which includes sweets, grease, meats, and decomposing organic matter. They are particularly attracted to food sources like crumbs, spills, and residue commonly found in kitchens and food storage areas.
Little black ants are drawn to food, moisture and shelter, and they use pheromones for efficient foraging. A scout ant leaves a species-specific chemical trail upon finding food, guiding other workers. Successful returns reinforce this signal, enabling rapid, sophisticated, decentralized mobilization to exploit temporary food sources.
The most effective approach to preventing or managing an existing infestation of these persistent ants is to partner with a pest control professional.